A pressure sterilizer, also known as an autoclave, is a device used to sterilize equipment, instruments, and other objects by subjecting them to high-pressure saturated steam at a temperature of 121°C (250°F) for a specific period of time. The process kills all microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and spores.

The sterilizer consists of a chamber for holding the objects to be sterilized, a heating system for generating steam, and a control system for regulating the temperature, pressure, and sterilization cycle. The chamber is sealed to prevent the escape of steam and to maintain the pressure required for sterilization.

The objects to be sterilized are loaded into the chamber, and the door is closed and sealed. The sterilization cycle begins when steam is introduced into the chamber and the pressure and temperature are raised to the required levels. The objects are held at these conditions for a set period of time to ensure complete sterilization.

After the sterilization cycle is complete, the pressure is gradually released, and the chamber is opened when the pressure has returned to atmospheric levels. The sterilized objects can then be removed and used or stored as required.

Pressure sterilizers are commonly used in medical, dental, and laboratory settings to ensure that equipment and instruments are free from harmful microorganisms that could cause infections or compromise the accuracy of test results.